Table of Contents
VETERINARY MEDICINE
Wildlife Pharmaceuticals specialises in the local and international distribution of scheduled veterinary medicines
SCHEDULING STATUS
S4
COMPOSITION
Each ml contains: 20 mg atipamezole (as hydrochloride)
Preservative: Methylparaben 0,1 % m/v
Other ingredients: Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and water for injection
CATEGORY AND CLASS OF MEDICINE
C 1.4.3 Sedative antagonist
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION
Atipamezole is an imidazoline agent that is a potent selective α2-antagonist. It is used in a wide variety of wildlife animals for reversal of the effects of α2-agonists. Atipamezole binds to α2-adrenergic receptors, competitively inhibiting the effects of α2-agonists both peripherally and centrally. Atipamezole is devoid of significant interactions with other neurotransmitter receptors, showing no activity at β-adrenergic, histaminergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, GABA, opioid, or benzodiazepine receptor sites. Atipamezole increases the neuronal release of noradrenaline and rapidly antagonises the sedative, muscle relaxant, analgesic and cardiovascular effects of α2-agonists.
Atipamezole has a high affinity for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-adrenoceptor sub-types in both humans and rodents, suggesting that there are no species-specific differences in its effects. Atipamezole has the highest α2-receptor affinity of the available α2-antagonists and is the preferred antagonist for the reversal of medetomidine.
PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Atipamezole is rapidly absorbed after IM injection, with reversal of medetomidine-induced sedation occurring within 10 minutes of injection. Its elimination half-life is less than 3 hours but can vary between species, routes of administration and doses. Atipamezole undergoes extensive hepatic biotransformation, with excretion of metabolites primarily occurring in urine.
INDICATIONS
ZOOSEDIN 20 is indicated for use in wildlife animals for the reversal of the sedative, muscle relaxant and analgesic effects of previously administered medetomidine, detomidine and xylazine.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
None recorded.
WARNINGS
The safety of ZOOSEDIN 20 in pregnant and lactating wildlife animals has not been established.
ZOOSEDIN 20 residue studies have not been conducted in wildlife animals. Carcasses of animals treated with ZOOSEDIN 20 within 90 days of slaughter should be discarded and are not considered safe for human or predator consumption.
DOSAGE AND DIRECTIONS FOR USE
ZOOSEDIN 20 should be administered IM to allow for gradual awakening and to minimise changes in blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output. The following doses are recommended for reversal of α2-agonists:
|
Alpha2-agonist |
ZOOSEDIN 20 dose |
|
1 mg medetomidine |
4 – 5 mg |
|
10 mg xylazine |
1 mg |
|
1 mg detomidine |
4 – 6 mg |
SIDE EFFECTS AND SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
ZOOSEDIN 20 can produce abrupt reversal of sedation and care should be taken when handling aggressive species. ZOOSEDIN 20 may have adverse effects such as hypotension, tachycardia, excitement and removal of α2-agonist induced analgesia. Other side effects such as hyper-salivation, diarrhoea and tremors have been noted at high doses.
IV administration of ZOOSEDIN 20 should be avoided: it may result in re-sedation of wildlife animals as its elimination half-life is shorter than that of medetomidine. IV administration of ZOOSEDIN 20 increases venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations and abrupt changes in cardiovascular function may occur.
KNOWN SYMPTOMS OF OVERDOSAGE AND PARTICULARS OF ITS TREATMENT
No data is available on overdosing in wildlife animals. In a target animal safety and toxicity study performed in dogs, the administration of atipamezole was not associated with any life-threatening toxicity when given in a single dose at 10x the anticipated use rate or when given daily for three consecutive days at 1x, 3x or 5x the anticipated dose rate. These results were consistent without prior administration of medetomidine and at 3x the anticipated dose rate following the administration of medetomidine.
IDENTIFICATION
A clear, colourless sterile solution free from visible particulates.
PRESENTATION
ZOOSEDIN 20 is supplied in a 10 ml amber glass vial with a grey rubber stopper and a white plastic cap.
STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS
Store at or below 25 °C. Do not refrigerate.
Protect from light.
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND UNINFORMED PERSONS.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
19/1.4.3/09
NAME AND BUSINESS ADDRESS OF HOLDER OF CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION
Wildlife Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd. 38 Wilkens Street, Rocky Drift, White River,1240, South Africa.
OUR PRODUCTS
Make a difference in wildlife healthcare today!
Explore our range of specialised wildlife veterinary solutions
Empowering wildlife care with cutting edge solutions. At Wildlife Pharmaceuticals, we offer specialised products for the chemical immobilisation of wild and exotic animals.
Our comprehensive range includes wildlife anaesthetics, sedatives, tranquilisers and antidotes and Pneu-Dart products, designed for precise delivery of medications.
With our top-tier solutions, veterinarians, researchers and wildlife professionals can safely and effectively manage and care for diverse animal species, contributing to conservation efforts and welfare of wildlife populations worldwide.
Wildlife Medicine
Chemical immobilising medicines & antidotes
- [S4] ZOOSEDIN 20 (atipamezole HCl 20 mg/ml)
- [S5] SEDOLAM 50 (midazolam HCl 50 mg/ml)
- [S6] THIANIL (thiafentanil oxalate 10 mg/ml)
- [S4] TREXONIL (naltrexone HCl 50 mg/ml)
- [S6] CAPTIVON 98 (etorphine HCl 9.8 mg/ml)
- [S4] ACTIVON (diprenorphine HCl 12 mg/ml)
Pneu-Dart Products
We also offer essential delivery method equipment for your convenience
Investigational Medicines
Wildlife Pharmaceuticals offers a range of investigational medicines to veterinarians
Read More: VETERINARY MEDICINES
OUR SERVICES
Wildlife Pharmaceuticals specialises in the local and international distribution of scheduled veterinary medicines
API Manufacturing
Wildlife Pharmaceuticals excels in API manufacturing for veterinary medicine manufacturers with a focus on quality and adherence to industry standards.
Read More: API MANUFACTURING
Sterile Filling
Wildlife Pharmaceuticals is leading the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry with innovative cGMP approaches and advanced robotic systems
Read More: STERILE FILLING